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When I'm 64 - Cognitive Board On Behavioral - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

When I'm 64 - Cognitive Board On Behavioral - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.

DKK 396.00
1

Review of Closure Plans for the Baseline Incineration Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press

Review of Closure Plans for the Baseline Incineration Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press

This book responds to a request by the director of the U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) for the National Research Council to examine and evaluate the ongoing planning for closure of the four currently operational baseline incineration chemical agent disposal facilities and the closure of a related testing facility. The book evaluates the closure planning process as well as some aspects of closure operations that are taking place while the facilities are still disposing of agent. These facilities are located in Anniston, Alabama; Pine Bluff, Arkansas; Tooele, Utah; and Umatilla, Oregon. They are designated by the acronyms ANCDF, PBCDF, TOCDF, and UMCDF, respectively. Although the facilities all use the same technology and are in many ways identical, each has a particular set of challenges. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Overall Closure Planning for Baseline Facilities3 Important Parameters for Successful Closure4 Management Systems: Lessons Learned Process and the eRoom Tool5 Regulatory Requirements Affecting Closure6 Monitoring and Analytical IssuesAppendixesAppendix A: Reprinted 2010 Letter ReportAppendix B: Safety and Environmental Metrics Employed by Private Companies Surveyed for This ReportAppendix C: Discussion of Hydrolysis Reactions of GB, VX, and HAppendix D: Committee MeetingsAppendix E: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

DKK 266.00
1

Effects of the Deletion of Chemical Agent Washout on Operations at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant - Board On Army Science And

Effects of the Deletion of Chemical Agent Washout on Operations at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant - Board On Army Science And

The United States manufactured significant quantities of chemical weapons during the Cold War and the years prior. Because the chemical weapons are aging, storage constitutes an ongoing risk to the facility workforces and to the communities nearby. In addition, the Chemical Weapons Convention treaty stipulates that the chemical weapons be destroyed. The United States has destroyed approximately 90 percent of the chemical weapons stockpile located at seven sites. As part of the effort to destroy its remaining stockpile, the Department of Defense is building the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant (BGCAPP) on the Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD), near Richmond, Kentucky. The stockpile stored at BGAD consists of rockets and projectiles containing the nerve agents GB and VX and the blister agent mustard. Continued storage poses a risk to the BGAD workforce and the surrounding community because these munitions are several decades old and are developing leaks. Due to public opposition to the use of incineration to destroy the BGAD stockpile, Congress mandated that non- incineration technologies be identified for use at BGCAPP. As a result, the original BGCAPP design called for munitions to be drained of agent and then for the munition bodies to be washed out using high-pressure hot water. However as part of a larger package of modifications called Engineering Change Proposal 87 (ECP-87), the munition washout step was eliminated. Effects of the Deletion of Chemical Agent Washout on Operations at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant examines the impacts of this design change on operations at BGCAPP and makes recommendations to guide future decision making. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Plant Process Changes as a Result of Washout Deletion3 Impacts on Calculation of Destruction Efficiency4 Process Modeling in Support of Washout DeletionAppendixesAppendix A: Committee ActivitiesAppendix B; Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

DKK 266.00
1

Review of Acute Human-Toxicity Estimates for Selected Chemical-Warfare Agents - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press -

Review of Acute Human-Toxicity Estimates for Selected Chemical-Warfare Agents - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press -

No reliable acute-exposure1 standards have been established for the particular purpose of protecting soldiers from toxic exposures to chemical warfare (CW) agents. Some human-toxicity estimates are available for the most common CW agents—organophosphorus nerve agents and vesicants; however, most of those estimates were developed for offensive purposes (that is, to kill or incapacitate the enemy) and were intended to be interim values only. Because of the possibility of a chemical attack by a foreign power, the Army's Office of the Surgeon General asked the Army's Chemical Defense Equipment Process Action Team (CDEPAT) to review the toxicity data for the nerve agents GA (tabun), GB(sarin), GD (soman), GF, and VX, and the vesicant agent sulfur mustard (HD) and to establish a set of exposure limits that would be useful in protecting soldiers from toxic exposures to those agents. This report is an independent review of the CDEPAT report to determine the scientific validity of the proposed estimates. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 - Introduction and Background Lethal Effects (LCt50)ECt50 for Threshold EffectsLethal Effects (LCt50)ECt50 for Mild EffectsED50 for Severe EffectsCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSLethal Effects (LCt50)Lethal Effects (LCt50)ECt50 for Severe EffectsLethal Effects (LD50)CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSLethal Effects (LCt50)ECt50 for Threshold EffectsECt50 for Severe EffectsLethal Effects (LD50)ED50 for Severe EffectsCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSLethal Effects (LCt50)ECt50 for Threshold EffectsECt50 for Severe EffectsLethal Effects (LD50)CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSLethal Effects (LCt50)ECt50 for Severe EffectsECt50 for Threshold EffectsLethal Effects (LCt50)Ect50 for Mild EffectsED50 for Severe EffectsCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSLethal Effects (LCt50)ECt50 for Severe EffectsLethal Effects (LCt50)ECt50 for Mild EffectsED50 for Severe EffectsCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSUSE OF LOG-PROBIT ANALYSISUSE OF THE ECT50USE OF CONFIDENCE LIMITSReferencesGlossaryAppendix Offensive Versus Defensive Use of Human-Toxicity Estimates for CW Agents REFERENCE

DKK 318.00
1

Disposal Options for the Rocket Motors From Nerve Agent Rockets Stored at Blue Grass Army Depot - Board On Army Science And Technology - Bog -

Disposal Options for the Rocket Motors From Nerve Agent Rockets Stored at Blue Grass Army Depot - Board On Army Science And Technology - Bog -

The Blue Grass Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant (BGCAPP) is under construction near Richmond, Kentucky, two dispose of one of the two remaining stockpiles of chemical munitions in the United States. The stockpile that BGCAPP will dispose of is stored at the Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD). BGCAPP is a tenant activity on BGAD. The stockpile stored at BGAD consists of mustard agent loaded in projectiles, and the nerve agents GB and VX loaded into projectiles and M55 rockets. BGCAPP will process the rockets by cutting them, still in their shipping and firing tube (SFT), between the warhead and motor sections of the rocket. The warhead will be processed through BGCAPP. The separated rocket motors that have been monitored for chemical agent and cleared for transportation outside of BGCAPP, the subject of this report, will be disposed of outside of BGCAPP. Any motors found to be contaminated with chemical agent will be processed through BGCAPP and are not addressed in this report. Disposal Options for the Rocket Motors From Nerve Agent Rockets Stored at Blue Grass Army Depot addresses safety in handling the separated rocket motors with special attention to the electrical ignition system, the need for adequate storage space for the motors in order to maintain the planned disposal rate at BGCAPP, thermal and chemical disposal technologies, and on-site and off-site disposal options. On-site is defined as disposal on BGAD, and off-site is defined as disposal by a commercial or government facility outside of BGAD. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Safety3 Technologies for Rocket Motor Disposal4 Storage of Separated Rocket Motors5 Options for Disposal of Separated Rocket MotorsAppendixesAppendix A: GlossaryAppendix B: Historical Overview of Public Sentiment Surrounding the Blue Grass Army Depot and the Blue Grass Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant Relevant to the Disposal of Separated Rocket MotorsAppendix C: Committee ActivitiesAppendix D: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

DKK 266.00
1

High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

The past century has witnessed remarkable advances in life expectancy in the United States and throughout the world. In 2010, however, progress in life expectancy in the United States began to stall, despite continuing to increase in other high-income countries. Alarmingly, U.S. life expectancy fell between 2014 and 2015 and continued to decline through 2017, the longest sustained decline in life expectancy in a century (since the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919). The recent decline in U.S. life expectancy appears to have been the product of two trends: (1) an increase in mortality among middle-aged and younger adults, defined as those aged 25-64 years (i.e., "working age"), which began in the 1990s for several specific causes of death (e.g., drug- and alcohol-related causes and suicide); and (2) a slowing of declines in working-age mortality due to other causes of death (mainly cardiovascular diseases) after 2010. High and Rising Mortality Rates among Working Age Adults highlights the crisis of rising premature mortality that threatens the future of the nation's families, communities, and national wellbeing. This report identifies the key drivers of increasing death rates and disparities in working-age mortality over the period 1990 to 2017; elucidates modifiable risk factors that could alleviate poor health in the working-age population, as well as widening health inequalities; identifies key knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future research and data collection to fill those gaps; and explores potential policy implications. After a comprehensive analysis of the trends in working-age mortality by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geography using the most up-to-date data, this report then looks upstream to the macrostructural factors (e.g., public policies, macroeconomic trends, social and economic inequality, technology) and social determinants (e.g., socioeconomic status, environment, social networks) that may affect the health of working-age Americans in multiple ways and through multiple pathways. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummaryPART I1 Introduction2 U.S. Mortality in an International Context3 U.S. Trends in All-Cause Mortality Among Working-Age Adults4 U.S. Trends in Cause-Specific Mortality Among Working-Age Adults5 U.S. Mortality Data: Data Quality, Methodology, and RecommendationsPART II6 A Framework for Developing Explanations of Working-Age Mortality Trends7 Opioids, Other Drugs, and Alcohol8 Suicide9 Cardiometabolic Diseases10 The Relationship Between Economic Factors and MortalityPART III11 Implications for Policy and ResearchReferencesAppendix A: Mortality Data Analyses: Review Process and Detailed Mortality Rate TablesAppendix B: Meeting AgendasAppendix C: Biographical Sketches

DKK 1211.00
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