41 resultater (0,30202 sekunder)

Vis alle filtre

Mærke

Butik

Pris (EUR)

Nulstil filter

Produkter
Fra
Butikker

Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change - Committee On Extreme Weather Events And Climate Change Attribution - Bog -

Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change - Committee On Extreme Weather Events And Climate Change Attribution - Bog -

As climate has warmed over recent years, a new pattern of more frequent and more intense weather events has unfolded across the globe. Climate models simulate such changes in extreme events, and some of the reasons for the changes are well understood. Warming increases the likelihood of extremely hot days and nights, favors increased atmospheric moisture that may result in more frequent heavy rainfall and snowfall, and leads to evaporation that can exacerbate droughts. Even with evidence of these broad trends, scientists cautioned in the past that individual weather events couldn't be attributed to climate change. Now, with advances in understanding the climate science behind extreme events and the science of extreme event attribution, such blanket statements may not be accurate. The relatively young science of extreme event attribution seeks to tease out the influence of human-cause climate change from other factors, such as natural sources of variability like El Niño, as contributors to individual extreme events. Event attribution can answer questions about how much climate change influenced the probability or intensity of a specific type of weather event. As event attribution capabilities improve, they could help inform choices about assessing and managing risk, and in guiding climate adaptation strategies. This report examines the current state of science of extreme weather attribution, and identifies ways to move the science forward to improve attribution capabilities. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Framing3 Methods of Event Attribution4 Attribution of Particular Types of Extreme Events5 ConclusionsReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Committee Mini Biographies

DKK 474.00
1

Frontiers in Data Analytics and Monitoring Tools for Extreme Materials - Condensed Matter And Materials Research Committee - Bog - National Academies

Frontiers in Data Analytics and Monitoring Tools for Extreme Materials - Condensed Matter And Materials Research Committee - Bog - National Academies

One of the major challenges in materials science today is developing materials that can survive and function in extreme environments, such as the high-radiation environments found in a fission or fusion reactor or the ultra-high temperature experienced by a hypervelocity vessel or a spacecraft traveling through Earths atmosphere on its return to the planets surface. What is needed to discover such materials was the topic of a 2-day workshop held at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on October 5-6, 2022. That workshop, titled Materials in Extreme Environments: New Monitoring Tools and Data-Driven Approaches, brought together an international collection of experts on the testing and measurement of materials in extreme environments and on discovering and developing new materials. This Proceedings of a Workshop recaps the presentations and discussions that took place during the 2 days of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Materials Design3 Materials Characterization4 Final RemarksReferencesAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Planning Committee Biographical InformationAppendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 214.00
1

Global Change and Extreme Hydrology - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Global Change and Extreme Hydrology - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Climate theory dictates that core elements of the climate system, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, and reservoirs of atmospheric and soil moisture, should change as the climate warms, both in their means and extremes. A major challenge that faces the climate and hydrologic science communities is understanding the nature of these ongoing changes in climate and hydrology and the apparent anomalies that exist in reconciling their extreme manifestations. The National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Hydrologic Science (COHS) held a workshop on January 5-6, 2010, that examined how climate warming translates into hydrologic extremes like floods and droughts. The workshop brought together three groups of experts. The first two groups consisted of atmospheric scientists and hydrologists focused on the scientific underpinnings and empirical evidence linking climate variability to hydrologic extremes. The third group consisted of water managers and decision-makers charged with the design and operation of water systems that in the future must be made resilient in light of a changing climate and an environment of hydrologic extremes. Global Change and Extreme Hydrology summarizes the proceedings of this workshop. This report presents an overview of the current state of the science in terms of climate change and extreme hydrologic events. It examines the "conventional wisdom" that climate change will "accelerate" the hydrologic cycle, fuel more evaporation, and generate more precipitation, based on an increased capacity of a warmer atmosphere to hold more water vapor. The report also includes descriptions of the changes in frequency and severity of extremes, the ability (or inability) to model these changes, and the problem of communicating the best science to water resources practitioners in useful forums. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummaryIntroductionFindingsReferencesAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: Speaker AbstractsAppendix D: Summary of PresentationsAppendix E: Workshop Participants

DKK 201.00
1

Review of the Need for a Large-Scale Test Facility for Research on the Effects of Extreme Winds on Structures - National Academy Of Sciences - Bog -

Review of the Need for a Large-Scale Test Facility for Research on the Effects of Extreme Winds on Structures - National Academy Of Sciences - Bog -

The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), has proposed that a large-scale wind test facility (LSWTF) be constructed to study, in full-scale, the behavior of low-rise structures under simulated extreme wind conditions. To determine the need for, and potential benefits of, such a facility, the Idaho Operations Office of the DOE requested that the National Research Council (NRC) perform an independent assessment of the role and potential value of an LSWTF in the overall context of wind engineering research. The NRC established the Committee to Review the Need for a Large-scale Test Facility for Research on the Effects of Extreme Winds on Structures, under the auspices of the Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment, to perform this assessment. This report conveys the results of the committee's deliberations as well as its findings and recommendations.

DKK 279.00
1

Computing and Communications in the Extreme - Computer Science And Telecommunications Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Computing and Communications in the Extreme - Computer Science And Telecommunications Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

This book synthesizes the findings of three workshops on research issues in high-performance computing and communications (HPCC). It focuses on the role that computing and communications can play in supporting federal, state, and local emergency management officials who deal with natural and man-made hazards (e.g., toxic spills, terrorist bombings). The volume also identifies specific research challenges for HPCC in meeting unmet technology needs in crisis management and other nationally important application areas, such as manufacturing, health care, digital libraries, and electronic commerce and banking.

DKK 318.00
1

Modernizing Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Modernizing Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

For more than 75 years, high-hazard structures in the U.S., including dams and nuclear power plants, have been engineered to withstand floods resulting from the most unlikely but possible precipitation, termed Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). Failure of any one of the more than 16,000 high-hazard dams and 50 nuclear power plants in the United States could result in the loss of life and impose significant economic losses and widespread environmental damage, especially under the pressures of climate change. While PMP estimates have provided useful guidance for designing critical infrastructure, weaknesses in the scientific foundations of PMP, combined with advances in understanding, observing, and modeling extreme storms, call for fundamental changes to the definition of PMP and the methods used to estimate it. Modernizing Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation recommends a new definition of PMP and presents a vision for a methodology relevant for design, operation, and regulation of critical infrastructure. The new definition targets precipitation depths with an extremely low exceedance probability instead of assuming rainfall is bounded, and considers specified climate periods so that PMP estimates can change as the climate changes. Near-term enhancements to PMP include improved data collection, model-based storm reconstructions, and strengthened scientific grounding for PMP methods. Long-term model-based PMP estimation will employ kilometer-scale climate models capable of resolving PMP storms and producing PMP-magnitude precipitation. A Model Evaluation Project will provide scientific grounding for model-based PMP estimation and determine when transition to a model-based PMP estimation should occur. Scientific and modeling advances along this front will contribute to addressing the societal challenges linked to the changes in extreme storms and precipitation in a warming climate, which are critical steps to ensuring the safety of our infrastructure and society. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Need and Opportunity for a Modernized PMP Approach2 Common Understanding of PMP3 State of the Science and Recent Advances in Understanding Extreme Precipitation4 Critical Assessment of Current PMP Methods5 Recommended ApproachReferencesAppendix A: Committee Member and Staff Biographical SketchesAppendix B: History of PMPAppendix C: Dam CharacteristicsAppendix D: Criteria for a Modern PMP Estimation ProcessAppendix E: R Code used in Report Figures 3-5 and 5-3

DKK 390.00
1

Severe Space Weather Events - Space Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Severe Space Weather Events - Space Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The adverse effects of extreme space weather on modern technology—power grid outages, high-frequency communication blackouts, spacecraft anomalies—are well known and well documented, and the physical processes underlying space weather are also generally well understood. Less well documented and understood, however, are the potential economic and societal impacts of the disruption of critical technological systems by severe space weather. As a first step toward determining the socioeconomic impacts of extreme space weather events and addressing the questions of space weather risk assessment and management, a public workshop was held in May 2008. The workshop brought together representatives of industry, the government, and academia to consider both direct and collateral effects of severe space weather events, the current state of the space weather services infrastructure in the United States, the needs of users of space weather data and services, and the ramifications of future technological developments for contemporary society's vulnerability to space weather. The workshop concluded with a discussion of un- or underexplored topics that would yield the greatest benefits in space weather risk management. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Space Weather Impacts in Retrospect3 Space Weather and Society4 Current Space Weather Services Infrastructure5 User Perspectives on Space Weather Products6 Satisfying Space Weather User Needs7 Future Solutions, Vulnerabilities, and Risks8 Facilitated Open Audience Discussion: The Way ForwardAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop Agenda and ParticipantsAppendix C: Abstracts Prepared by Workshop PanelistsAppendix D: Biographies of Committee Members and StaffAppendix E: Select Acronyms and Terms

DKK 292.00
1

Progress and Priorities in Ocean Drilling: In Search of Earth's Past and Future - 2025–2035 Decadal Survey Of Ocean Sciences For The National Science

Progress and Priorities in Ocean Drilling: In Search of Earth's Past and Future - 2025–2035 Decadal Survey Of Ocean Sciences For The National Science

Research supported by scientific ocean drilling has fundamentally transformed our understanding of the planet with key contributions to the discovery and theory of plate tectonics; the formation and destruction of ocean crust; the reconstruction of extreme greenhouse and icehouse climates; the identification of major extinctions; and the discovery of a diverse community of microbes living deep ocean seafloor. With the retirement in 2024 of the JOIDES Resolution-- the U.S. dedicated drilling vessel for deep sea research and the workhorse for the international scientific ocean drilling community-- the scientific ocean drilling landscape will change. At this critical juncture, the National Science Foundation (NSF) is looking to identify the most urgent research questions that can only be answered with scientific ocean drilling and what infrastructure is needed to progress those priorities. This interim report that is the first part of a broader study of decadal survey of ocean science provides a broad perspective of future research and associated infrastructure needs. The report concludes that the rapid pace of climate change, related extreme events, sea level rise, changes in ocean currents, chemistry threatening ocean ecosystems, and devastating natural hazards are among the greatest challenges facing society. By coring the past to inform the future, U.S. based scientific ocean drilling research continues to have unique and essential roles in addressing these vital and urgent challenges. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 A Primer on Scientific Ocean Drilling3 High-Priority Science Areas: Progress and Future Needs4 Needs for Accomplishing the Science PrioritiesReferencesAppendix A: Committee Statement of TaskAppendix B: Committee Meeting Agenda and Participant ListAppendix C: Committee Biographies

DKK 208.00
1

Hurricane Elena, Gulf Coast - Commission On Engineering And Technical Systems - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Hurricane Elena, Gulf Coast - Commission On Engineering And Technical Systems - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Hurricane Elena, following an erratic and difficult-to-forecast course along an unusually large section of the Gulf Coast, posed special problems from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Sarasota, Florida, well before it came ashore on September 2, 1985. Considerable wind damage occurred in this area to structures that were ostensibly designed to resist such extreme wind conditions. Because similar design conditions and building control procedures exist along other U.S. hurricane-prone coasts, the conclusions drawn in this detailed book catalog the structural damage caused by the hurricane and emergency response actions, establish the wind conditions of the storm, review in-depth the building control process used in the area, and conduct necessary structural and wind tunnel tests relevant to a large number of communities along the coastal areas.

DKK 292.00
1

Frontiers of Engineering - National Academy Of Engineering - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Frontiers of Engineering - National Academy Of Engineering - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

This volume presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering's 2016 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and innovations in selected areas. The 2016 symposium was held September 19-21 at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center in Irvine, California. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight innovative developments in engineering research and technical work. Table of ContentsFront MatterPIXELS AT SCALE: HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISIONPixelsat Scale: High-Performance Computer Graphics and Vision - David Luebke and John OwensComputational Near-Eye Displays: Engineering the Interface to the Digital World - Gordon WetzsteinFrontiers in Virtual Reality Headsets - Warren HuntFirst-Person Computational Vision - Kristen Grauman A Quintillion Live Pixels: The Challenge of Continuously Interpreting and Organizing the World's Visual Information - Kayvon FatahalianEXTREME ENGINEERING: EXTREME AUTONOMY IN SPACE, AIR, LAND, AND UNDER WATERExtreme Engineering: Extreme Autonomy in Space and Air, on Land, and Under Water - DeShawn Jackson and Marco PavoneAutonomous Precision Landing of Space Rockets - Lars BlackmoreAutonomy Under Water: Ocean Sampling by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles - Derek A. PaleyWATER DESALINATION AND PURIFICATIONWater Desalination and Purification - Amy Childress and Abhishek RoyWater Desalination: History, Advances, and Challenges - Manish Kumar, Tyler Culp, and Yuexiao ShenScalable Manufacturing of Layer-by-Layer Membranes for Water Purification - Christopher M. StaffordNew Materials for Emerging Desalination Technologies - Baoxia MiHigh-Recovery Desalination and Water Treatment - Kevin L. AlexanderTECHNOLOGIES FOR UNDERSTANDING AND TREATING CANCERTechnologies for Understanding and Treating Cancer - Julie Champion and Peter TessierHow Cancer Cells Go Awry: The Role of Mechanobiology in Cancer Research - Cynthia A. Reinhart-KingEngineered Proteins for Visualizing and Treating Cancer - Jennifer R. CochranEngineering Immunotherapy - Darrell J. IrvineAPPENDIXESContributorsParticipantsProgram

DKK 292.00
1

Plasma Science - Board On Physics And Astronomy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Plasma Science - Board On Physics And Astronomy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Plasma Science and Engineering transforms fundamental scientific research into powerful societal applications, from materials processing and healthcare to forecasting space weather. Plasma Science: Enabling Technology, Sustainability, Security and Exploration discusses the importance of plasma research, identifies important grand challenges for the next decade, and makes recommendations on funding and workforce. This publication will help federal agencies, policymakers, and academic leadership understand the importance of plasma research and make informed decisions about plasma science funding, workforce, and research directions. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Plasma Science: Enabling Technology, Sustainability, Security, and Exploration2 The Foundations of Plasma Science3 Laser-Plasma Interactions: Compact Particle Accelerators, New Optics, and Brilliant X-Ray Sources4 Extreme States of Plasmas: High-Energy Density Systems5 Low-Temperature Plasmas: A Unique State of Matter for Addressing Societal Needs6 Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy: Bringing Stars to Earth7 The Cosmic Plasma FrontierAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Summary of Findings and RecommendationsAppendix C: Survey Data-Gathering EventsAppendix D: Committee Member Biographical InformationAppendix E: Acronyms

DKK 656.00
1

Reflections on the National Science Foundation's Understanding the Rules of Life Program - Board On Life Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press -

Reflections on the National Science Foundation's Understanding the Rules of Life Program - Board On Life Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press -

In 2016, the National Science Foundation (NSF) established a five-year program on Understanding the Rules of Life (URoL) to identify generalizable rules that govern biological systems at micro and macro levels. At the request of NSF, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a series of workshops to explore the achievements of the URoL program. Presenters and participants discussed integration of multi-disciplinary, systems-level approaches, broader implications for studying highly complex systems, future scientific questions and future societal needs, and the production of generalizable rules that apply to different fields and scales. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront MatterThe National Science Foundation's Big Ideaon Understanding the Rules of Life1 URoL: Epigenetics2 URoL: Microbiome3 URoL: Building a Synthetic Cell4 URoL: Multidisciplinary Research, Education and Training, and Broader ImpactsAppendix A: Workshop AgendasAppendix B: Biographical Sketches for Workshop Planning Committee and ParticipantsAppendix C: URoL-Funded Projects

DKK 201.00
1

Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid-Latitude Weather Patterns - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid-Latitude Weather Patterns - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Arctic has been undergoing significant changes in recent years. Average temperatures are rising twice as fast as they are elsewhere in the world. The extent and thickness of sea ice is rapidly declining. Such changes may have an impact on atmospheric conditions outside the region. Several hypotheses for how Arctic warming may be influencing mid-latitude weather patterns have been proposed recently. For example, Arctic warming could lead to a weakened jet stream resulting in more persistent weather patterns in the mid-latitudes. Or Arctic sea ice loss could lead to an increase of snow on high-latitude land, which in turn impacts the jet stream resulting in cold Eurasian and North American winters. These and other potential connections between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather are the subject of active research. Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid-Latitude Weather Patterns is the summary of a workshop convened in September 2013 by the National Research Council to review our current understanding and to discuss research needed to better understand proposed linkages. A diverse array of experts examined linkages between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather patterns. The workshop included presentations from leading researchers representing a range of views on this topic. The workshop was organized to allow participants to take a global perspective and consider the influence of the Arctic in the context of forcing from other components of the climate system, such as changes in the tropics, ocean circulation, and mid-latitude sea surface temperature. This report discusses our current understanding of the mechanisms that link declines in Arctic sea ice cover, loss of high-latitude snow cover, changes in Arctic-region energy fluxes, atmospheric circulation patterns, and the occurrence of extreme weather events; possible implications of more severe loss of summer Arctic sea ice upon weather patterns at lower latitudes; major gaps in our understanding, and observational and/or modeling efforts that are needed to fill those gaps; and current opportunities and limitations for using Arctic sea ice predictions to assess the risk of temperature/precipitation anomalies and extreme weather events over northern continents. Table of ContentsFront MatterLinkages Between Arctic Warming and MidLatitude Weather PatternsReferencesAppendix A: Speaker AbstractsAppendix B: Workshop Agenda and Participant ListAppendix C: Table and Schematic Presented by Session 1 SpeakersAppendix D: Acronyms and InitialismsAppendix E: Biographical Sketches of Planning Committee Members

DKK 299.00
1

The State of Resilience - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The State of Resilience - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Over the past decade, resilience has gained significant traction across the nation and innovative programs are showing exciting progress in building resilient communities. For communities to be prepared for future extreme weather and climate events, as well as the chronic daily stressors, the momentum of implementing and taking action to build community resilience should continue to be fostered and expanded. Building on its many efforts dedicated to increasing and enhancing resilience, the Resilient America Roundtable hosted the State of Resilience Leadership Forum and Community Workshop on June 28 and 29, 2016. This activity brought together diverse decision makers, experts, practitioners, and community stakeholders, including representatives from academia, government, the private sector, foundations, and nonprofit organizations, to consider the results of years of investment, experimentation, and research in building resilience, take stock of these many initiatives and efforts, and share their experiences in building more resilient communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Resilience Now and Going Forward3 Community Resilience4 From Discussion to Action: Looking into the FutureAppendix A: Planning Committee Member BiographiesAppendix B: Speaker, Panelist, and Moderator BiographiesAppendix C: Workshop Agenda

DKK 344.00
1

Future Water Priorities for the Nation - Committee On Future Water Resource Needs For The Nation: Water Science And Research At The U.s. Geo - Bog -

Future Water Priorities for the Nation - Committee On Future Water Resource Needs For The Nation: Water Science And Research At The U.s. Geo - Bog -

Solving problems related to use of water resources will be of paramount importance in coming decades as increasing pressure from growing populations, climate change, extreme weather, and aging water-related infrastructure threaten water availability and quality. The Water Mission Area (WMA) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a long-established reputation for collecting and delivering high-quality, unbiased scientific information related to the nation's water resources. WMA observations help inform decisions ranging from rapid responses during emergencies such as hurricanes, floods, and forest fires, to the long-term management of water resources. Produced at the request of USGS, this report identifies the nation's highest-priority water science and resources challenges over the next 25 years. Future Water Priorities for the Nation summarizes WMA's current water science and research portfolio, and recommends strategic opportunities for WMA to more effectively address the most pressing challenges. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Water Science and Resources Challenges for the Next 25 Years3 Priority Questions and RecommendationsReferencesAppendix A: The U.S. Geological Survey Water Mission AreaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and StaffAppendix C: People Who Provided Input to the CommitteeAppendix D: Prioritization Rubric

DKK 318.00
1

Severe Space Weather Events—Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts - Space Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Severe Space Weather Events—Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts - Space Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The adverse effects of extreme space weather on modern technology—power grid outages, high-frequency communication blackouts, spacecraft anomalies—are well known and well documented, and the physical processes underlying space weather are also generally well understood. Less well documented and understood, however, are the potential economic and societal impacts of the disruption of critical technological systems by severe space weather. This volume, an extended four-color summary of the book, Severe Space Weather Events—Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts, addresses the questions of space weather risk assessment and management. The workshop on which the books are based brought together representatives of industry, the government, and academia to consider both direct and collateral effects of severe space weather events, the current state of the space weather services infrastructure in the United States, the needs of users of space weather data and services, and the ramifications of future technological developments for contemporary society's vulnerability to space weather. The workshop concluded with a discussion of un- or underexplored topics that would yield the greatest benefits in space weather risk management. Table of ContentsFront MatterExtended SummaryTHE SOCIETAL CONTEXTTHE IMPACT OF SPACE WEATHERSPACE WEATHER INFRASTRUCTUREUNDERSTANDING THE SOCIETAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SEVERE SPACE WEATHER

DKK 169.00
1

Views of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference

Views of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference

The passive, receive-only Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) and the Earth Exploration-Satellite Service (EESS) provide otherwise impossible scientific observations of the Universe and Earth through the use of advanced receiver technology with extreme sensitivity and the employment of complex noise reduction algorithms. Even with such technology, RAS and EESS are quite adversely affected by what most active services would consider low noise levels. To ensure their ability to use the radio spectrum for scientific purposes, scientists must be party to the discussion in the lead-up to the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC), which will next be held in January and February 2012 in Geneva, Switzerland. By request of the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Research Council was convened to provide guidance to the U.S. spectrum managers and policymakers as they prepare for the WRC in order to protect the scientific exploration of the Earth and Universe using the radio spectrum. While the resulting document is targeted at U.S. agencies, representatives of foreign governments and foreign scientific users will find its contents useful as they plan their own WRC positions. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 Views of the U.S. NAS and NAE on WRC-12 Agenda ItemsOverarching IssuesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Acronyms

DKK 214.00
1

Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments - Committee On Principles Of Environmental Stewardship For The Exploration And Study Of

Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments - Committee On Principles Of Environmental Stewardship For The Exploration And Study Of

Antarctica is renowned for its extreme cold; yet surprisingly, radar measurements have revealed a vast network of lakes, rivers, and streams several kilometers beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. Sealed from Earth's atmosphere for millions of years, they may provide vital information about microbial evolution, the past climate of the Antarctic, and the formation of ice sheets, among other things. The next stage of exploration requires direct sampling of these aquatic systems. However, if sampling is not done cautiously, the environmental integrity and scientific value of these environments could be compromised. At the request of the National Science Foundation, this National Research Council assesses what is needed to responsibly explore subglacial lakes. Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments concludes that it is time for research on subglacial lakes to begin, and this research should be guided by internationally agreed upon protocols. The book suggests an initial protocol, which includes full characterization of the lakes by remote sensing, and minimum standards for biological and other types of contamination. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Geological and Geophysical Setting3 Subglacial Environments: Biological Features4 Drilling and Sampling Technologies and the Potential for Contamination5 Antarctic Governance and Implications for Exploration of Subglacial Aquatic Environments6 Findings and RecommendationsReferencesA Statement of TaskB Biographical Sketches of Committee MembersC List of Acronyms

DKK 331.00
1

Technology Developments to Advance Antarctic Research - Polar Research Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Technology Developments to Advance Antarctic Research - Polar Research Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are important research locations for many scientific disciplines, including oceanography, biology, and astronomy. Because of its remoteness and the extreme and dangerous weather conditions in which researchers must operate, research in this region presents many unique challenges. New and improved technologies can make Antarctic research safer, more efficient, and capable of covering a greater spatial and temporal range, all while minimizing the costs and environmental impacts of this research. At the request of the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs, the Polar Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on May 3-5, 2022, to solicit broad community ideas regarding how technological developments can advance and expand Antarctic research and polar research more generally. Workshop participants discussed recent and potential technological breakthroughs, cross-cutting research themes, and how new technologies can facilitate broader, more diverse participation in Antarctic research. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Overview2 Introduction3 Technologies for Research and Observational Instrumentation4 Power and Energy for Polar Research5 Data and Communications for Polar Research6 Technology Advances to Expand Participation in Polar Research7 Partnerships and Mechanisms to Facilitate Development and Application of New Research Technologies8 Concluding ThoughtsReferencesAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Planning Committee BiographiesAppendix C: Workshop Agenda

DKK 195.00
1

Advancing Sustainability of U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Drylands - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies

Advancing Sustainability of U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Drylands - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies

The drylands region shared by the United States and Mexico currently faces multiple sustainability challenges at the intersection of the human and natural systems. Warming and drying conditions threaten surface water and groundwater availability, disrupt land- and marine-based livelihood systems, and challenge the sustainability of human settlements. These biophysical challenges are exacerbated by a highly mobile and dynamic population, volatile economic and policy conditions, increased exposure to extreme events, and urbanization on marginal, vulnerable lands. The U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine collaborated with the Mexican Academy of Sciences, Academy of Engineering, and the National Academy of Medicine to plan a 2-day binational workshop, Advancing Sustainability of U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Drylands. The workshop goals were to highlight the challenges facing the region, assess the scientific and technical capacity that each nation can bring to bear in addressing these challenges, and identify new opportunities for binational research collaboration and coordinated management approaches in the advancement of sustainability science and development. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Background2 Understanding the Transboundary Drylands Region3 Four Key Topics4 Innovations and Solutions in Sustainability Science for Drylands Areas5 Key Themes and Possible Next StepAppendix A AgendaAppendix B ParticipantsAppendix C Biographical Sketches of Steering Committee Members and Presenters

DKK 370.00
1

Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States - Resilience Program On Risk - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States - Resilience Program On Risk - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Flooding is the natural hazard with the greatest economic and social impact in the United States, and these impacts are becoming more severe over time. Catastrophic flooding from recent hurricanes, including Superstorm Sandy in New York (2012) and Hurricane Harvey in Houston (2017), caused billions of dollars in property damage, adversely affected millions of people, and damaged the economic well-being of major metropolitan areas. Flooding takes a heavy toll even in years without a named storm or event. Major freshwater flood events from 2004 to 2014 cost an average of $9 billion in direct damage and 71 lives annually. These figures do not include the cumulative costs of frequent, small floods, which can be similar to those of infrequent extreme floods. Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States contributes to existing knowledge by examining real-world examples in specific metropolitan areas. This report identifies commonalities and variances among the case study metropolitan areas in terms of causes, adverse impacts, unexpected problems in recovery, or effective mitigation strategies, as well as key themes of urban flooding. It also relates, as appropriate, causes and actions of urban flooding to existing federal resources or policies. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Insights from Four Metropolitan Areas3 Magnitude of Urban Flooding4 A Way Forward on Urban FloodingReferencesAppendix A: Trends Affecting Urban FloodingAppendix B: Baltimore Case StudyAppendix C: Houston Case StudyAppendix D: Chicago Case StudyAppendix E: Phoenix Case StudyAppendix F: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 364.00
1

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean - Committee On Future Science Opportunities In Antarctica And The Southern Ocean -

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean - Committee On Future Science Opportunities In Antarctica And The Southern Ocean -

Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean remains one of the world's last frontiers. Covering nearly 14 million km^2 (an area approximately 1.4 times the size of the United States), Antarctica is the coldest, driest, highest, and windiest continent on Earth. While it is challenging to live and work in this extreme environment, this region offers many opportunities for scientific research. Ever since the first humans set foot on Antarctica a little more than a century ago, the discoveries made there have advanced our scientific knowledge of the region, the world, and the Universe--but there is still much more to learn. However, conducting scientific research in the harsh environmental conditions of Antarctica is profoundly challenging. Substantial resources are needed to establish and maintain the infrastructure needed to provide heat, light, transportation, and drinking water, while at the same time minimizing pollution of the environment and ensuring the safety of researchers. Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean suggests actions for the United States to achieve success for the next generation of Antarctic and Southern Ocean science. The report highlights important areas of research by encapsulating each into a single, overarching question. The questions fall into two broad themes: (1) those related to global change, and (2) those related to fundamental discoveries. In addition, the report identified key science questions that will drive research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in coming decades, and highlighted opportunities to be leveraged to sustain and improve the U.S. research efforts in the region.

DKK 318.00
1