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Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change - Committee On Extreme Weather Events And Climate Change Attribution - Bog -

As climate has warmed over recent years, a new pattern of more frequent and more intense weather events has unfolded across the globe. Climate models simulate such changes in extreme events, and some of the reasons for the changes are well understood. Warming increases the likelihood of extremely hot days and nights, favors increased atmospheric moisture that may result in more frequent heavy rainfall and snowfall, and leads to evaporation that can exacerbate droughts. Even with evidence of these broad trends, scientists cautioned in the past that individual weather events couldn't be attributed to climate change. Now, with advances in understanding the climate science behind extreme events and the science of extreme event attribution, such blanket statements may not be accurate. The relatively young science of extreme event attribution seeks to tease out the influence of human-cause climate change from other factors, such as natural sources of variability like El Niño, as contributors to individual extreme events. Event attribution can answer questions about how much climate change influenced the probability or intensity of a specific type of weather event. As event attribution capabilities improve, they could help inform choices about assessing and managing risk, and in guiding climate adaptation strategies. This report examines the current state of science of extreme weather attribution, and identifies ways to move the science forward to improve attribution capabilities. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Framing3 Methods of Event Attribution4 Attribution of Particular Types of Extreme Events5 ConclusionsReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Committee Mini Biographies

DKK 474.00

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Global Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Includes summaries on a public workshop hosted by the Forum on Microbial Threats on December 4 and 5, 2007, to consider the possible infectious disease impacts of global climate change and extreme weather events on human, animal, plant health, their expected implications for global and national security.

DKK 448.00

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Safety of Dams - Commission On Engineering And Technical Systems - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

From earth tectonics and meteorology to risk, responsibility, and the role of government, this comprehensive and detailed book reviews current practices in designing dams to withstand extreme hydrologic and seismic events. Recommendations for action and for further research to improve dam safety evaluations are presented.

DKK 500.00

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Severe Space Weather Events - Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report - National Research Council

The adverse effects of extreme space weather on modern technology--power grid outages, high-frequency communication blackouts, spacecraft anomalies--are well known and well documented, and the physical processes underlying space weather are also generally well understood. Less well documented and understood, however, are the potential economic and societal impacts of the disruption of critical technological systems by severe space weather. As a first step toward determining the socioeconomic impacts..

DKK 420.95

2

Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change: Workshop Summary - Bog af National Research Council - Paperback

Climate change poses risks to human health and well-being through shifting weather patterns, increases in frequency and intensity of heat waves and other extreme weather events, rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and other environmental effects. Those risks occur against a backdrop of changing socioeconomic conditions, medical technology, population demographics, environmental conditions, and other factors that are important in determining health. Models of health risks that reflect how health..

DKK 497.95

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Hurricane Elena, Gulf Coast: August 29 - September 2, 1985 - National Research Council

Hurricane Elena, following an erratic and difficult-to-forecast course along an unusually large section of the Gulf Coast, posed special problems from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Sarasota, Florida, well before it came ashore on September 2, 1985. Considerable wind damage occurred in this area to structures that were ostensibly designed to resist such extreme wind conditions. Because similar design conditions and building control procedures exist along other U.S. hurricane-prone coasts, the conclusions..

DKK 567.95

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Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments - Environmental and Scientific Stewardship - Bog af National Research Council - Paperback

Antarctica is renowned for its extreme cold; yet surprisingly, radar measurements have revealed a vast network of lakes, rivers, and streams several kilometers beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. Sealed from Earth's atmosphere for millions of years, they may provide vital information about microbial evolution, the past climate of the Antarctic, and the formation of ice sheets, among other things. The next stage of exploration requires direct sampling of these aquatic systems. However, if sampling is..

DKK 647.95

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The State of Resilience: A Leadership Forum and Community Workshop: Proceedings of a Workshop - Bog af National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri - Pape

Over the past decade, resilience has gained significant traction across the nation and innovative programs are showing exciting progress in building resilient communities. For communities to be prepared for future extreme weather and climate events, as well as the chronic daily stressors, the momentum of implementing and taking action to build community resilience should continue to be fostered and expanded. Building on its many efforts dedicated to increasing and enhancing resilience, the Resilient..

DKK 692.95

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A Strategic Vision for NSF Investments in Antarctic and Southern Ocean Research - Bog af Engineering National Academies of Sciences - Paperback

Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientific research has produced a wide array of important and exciting scientific advances. Spanning oceanography to tectonics, microbiology to astrophysics, the extreme Antarctic environment provides unique opportunities to expand our knowledge about how our planet works and even the very origins of the universe. Research on the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic ice sheets is becoming increasingly urgent not only for understanding the future of the region but also its..

DKK 662.95

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Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean - Bog af Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Oc

\Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean remains one of the world's last frontiers. Covering nearly 14 million kmp2s (an area approximately 1.4 times the size of the United States), Antarctica is the coldest, driest, highest, and windiest continent on Earth. While it is challenging to live and work in this extreme environment, this region offers many opportunities for scientific research. Ever since the first humans set foot on Antarctica a little more than a century ago, the discoveries made..

DKK 466.95

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Climate Intervention - Committee On Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation And Discussion Of Impacts - Bog - National Academies Press -

The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Climate Intervention by Modifying Earth's Albedo3 Technical Analysis of Possible Albedo Modification Techniques4 Governance of Research and Other Sociopolitical Considerations5 Way ForwardReferencesAppendix A: Statement of Task for the CommitteeAppendix B: Committee BiographiesAppendix C: Planned Weather ModificationAppendix D: Volcanic Eruptions as Analogues for Albedo ModificationAppendix E: Discussion of Feasibility of Albedo Modification TechnologiesAppendix F: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 396.00

3

New Worlds, New Horizons: A Midterm Assessment - Bog af National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri - Paperback

New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics (NWNH), the report of the 2010 decadal survey of astronomy and astrophysics, put forward a vision for a decade of transformative exploration at the frontiers of astrophysics. This vision included mapping the first stars and galaxies as they emerge from the collapse of dark matter and cold clumps of hydrogen, finding new worlds in a startlingly diverse population of extrasolar planets, and exploiting the vastness and extreme conditions of the..

DKK 627.95

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Modernizing Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

For more than 75 years, high-hazard structures in the U.S., including dams and nuclear power plants, have been engineered to withstand floods resulting from the most unlikely but possible precipitation, termed Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). Failure of any one of the more than 16,000 high-hazard dams and 50 nuclear power plants in the United States could result in the loss of life and impose significant economic losses and widespread environmental damage, especially under the pressures of climate change. While PMP estimates have provided useful guidance for designing critical infrastructure, weaknesses in the scientific foundations of PMP, combined with advances in understanding, observing, and modeling extreme storms, call for fundamental changes to the definition of PMP and the methods used to estimate it. Modernizing Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation recommends a new definition of PMP and presents a vision for a methodology relevant for design, operation, and regulation of critical infrastructure. The new definition targets precipitation depths with an extremely low exceedance probability instead of assuming rainfall is bounded, and considers specified climate periods so that PMP estimates can change as the climate changes. Near-term enhancements to PMP include improved data collection, model-based storm reconstructions, and strengthened scientific grounding for PMP methods. Long-term model-based PMP estimation will employ kilometer-scale climate models capable of resolving PMP storms and producing PMP-magnitude precipitation. A Model Evaluation Project will provide scientific grounding for model-based PMP estimation and determine when transition to a model-based PMP estimation should occur. Scientific and modeling advances along this front will contribute to addressing the societal challenges linked to the changes in extreme storms and precipitation in a warming climate, which are critical steps to ensuring the safety of our infrastructure and society. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Need and Opportunity for a Modernized PMP Approach2 Common Understanding of PMP3 State of the Science and Recent Advances in Understanding Extreme Precipitation4 Critical Assessment of Current PMP Methods5 Recommended ApproachReferencesAppendix A: Committee Member and Staff Biographical SketchesAppendix B: History of PMPAppendix C: Dam CharacteristicsAppendix D: Criteria for a Modern PMP Estimation ProcessAppendix E: R Code used in Report Figures 3-5 and 5-3

DKK 390.00

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Plasma Science - Board On Physics And Astronomy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Plasma Science and Engineering transforms fundamental scientific research into powerful societal applications, from materials processing and healthcare to forecasting space weather. Plasma Science: Enabling Technology, Sustainability, Security and Exploration discusses the importance of plasma research, identifies important grand challenges for the next decade, and makes recommendations on funding and workforce. This publication will help federal agencies, policymakers, and academic leadership understand the importance of plasma research and make informed decisions about plasma science funding, workforce, and research directions. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Plasma Science: Enabling Technology, Sustainability, Security, and Exploration2 The Foundations of Plasma Science3 Laser-Plasma Interactions: Compact Particle Accelerators, New Optics, and Brilliant X-Ray Sources4 Extreme States of Plasmas: High-Energy Density Systems5 Low-Temperature Plasmas: A Unique State of Matter for Addressing Societal Needs6 Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy: Bringing Stars to Earth7 The Cosmic Plasma FrontierAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Summary of Findings and RecommendationsAppendix C: Survey Data-Gathering EventsAppendix D: Committee Member Biographical InformationAppendix E: Acronyms

DKK 656.00

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